A difficult operation to remove a small amount of radioactive debris from Japan's stricken Fukushima nuclear plant began on Tuesday, after technical issues suspended an earlier attempt.

Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco) said in a statement that its "pilot extraction operation" had started. It will take about two weeks, according to the company.

The tiny sample will be studied for clues about conditions inside the reactors – a crucial step towards decommissioning the Fukushima Daiichi plant.

About 880 tonnes of extremely hazardous material remain 13 years after a tsunami caused by a 9.0-magnitude earthquake triggered one of the world's worst nuclear accidents.

Removing the debris from the reactors is regarded as the most daunting challenge in the decades-long decommissioning project.

"The government would like to urge Tepco to respond with an even higher sense of urgency as we enter the most difficult work phase, which will be the basis for decommissioning the plant," chief cabinet secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi told reporters on Tuesday.

Tepco originally planned to start its first trial removal on August 22, aiming to collect just three grams for analysis – if the extraction process is successful.

But the company had to stop the work at a preliminary stage after detecting a problem involving the installation of the necessary equipment.

Three of the Fukushima plant's six reactors were operating when the tsunami hit on March 11, 2011, sending them into meltdown.

The debris within has radiation levels so high that Tepco had to develop specialised robots able to function inside.

Tepco deployed two mini-drones and a "snake-shaped robot" into one of the three nuclear reactors in February, as part of the preparations for the removal task. (AFP)