President Xi Jinping left Moscow on Saturday, after paying a state visit to Russia and attending the celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of the country's Victory Day.
Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko and other senior officials saw him off at the airport, where a farewell ceremony was held, Xinhua News Agency reported.
The military band played the national anthems of both countries and Xi inspected the guard of honour. Later, Russian air force fighter jets escorted Xi's plane after it took off.
During the visit, Xi and Putin had in-depth exchanges of views on China-Russia relations and on major international and regional issues.
Xi was among several dozen leaders at the commemorations.