Gold prices climbed to an all-time high on Tuesday, extending gains to a sixth session on the back of a weaker dollar and rising bets of a US interest rate cut this month.

Spot gold was up 0.5 percent at US$3,492 per ounce after hitting a record high of US$3,508. US gold futures for December delivery gained 1.4 percent to US$3,563.

"A corollary of the weaker economic backdrop and expectations of US rate cuts is boosting precious metals," said Kyle Rodda, Capital.com's financial market analyst.

"Another factor is the festering confidence crisis in dollar assets because of US President Donald Trump's attack on Fed independence."

Trump has criticised the Federal Reserve and its chair, Jerome Powell, for months for not lowering rates, and recently took aim at Powell over a costly renovation of the central bank's Washington headquarters.

On Monday, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said the Fed is and should be independent but added that it had "made a lot of mistakes" and defended Trump's right to fire Fed governor Lisa Cook over allegations of mortgage fraud.

Traders are currently pricing in a 90 percent chance of a 25-basis-points Fed rate cut on September 17, according to the CME FedWatch tool.

Non-yielding gold typically performs well in a low-interest-rate environment.

Rate-cut expectations and worries over the Fed's independence have weighed on the US dollar, which is languishing near a more than one-month low against its rivals, making gold less expensive for overseas buyers.

Data on Friday showed that the US personal consumption expenditures price index rose 0.2 percent month on month, and 2.6 percent year on year, both in line with expectations.

Investors are now looking forward to the US non-farm payrolls data due on Friday to determine the size of an expected Fed rate cut this month. (Reuters)