Survivors of a deadly 2021 typhoon in the Philippines have filed a lawsuit against British oil giant Shell, seeking compensation for climate-related devastation, three NGOs supporting them said on Thursday.

Typhoon Rai struck the southern and central regions of the Philippines in December 2021, toppling power lines and trees and unleashing deadly floods that killed more than 400 people and left hundreds of thousands homeless.

The lawsuit on behalf of 103 survivors argues Shell's carbon emissions contributed to climate change, impacting Philippine communities.

Trixy Elle, a plaintiff from a fishing community whose home and four boats were swept away in the typhoon, said the lawsuit was about getting justice.

"Island residents like us contribute only a small percentage of pollution. But who gets the short stick? The poor like us," said the 34-year-old, who is still paying off high-interest loans she needed to rebuild.

"I am not speaking only for my community but for all Filipinos who experience the effects of climate crises," Elle said, adding that her now 13-year-old son still suffers from trauma caused by the storm.

In a joint statement, the NGOs backing the suit said it represents "a decisive step to hold oil giant Shell accountable for the deaths, injuries and destruction left by the climate-fuelled storm".

In Manila, Greenpeace climate campaigner Virginia Benosa-Llorin called the lawsuit a "test case to hold the corporations accountable".

The suit will be the "first time claimants in the Global South are bringing action related to significant personal injury and property damage... caused through the alleged acts of common measures in the Global North", added UK-based lawyer Joe Snape via videolink.

The lawsuit marks the latest step in a wider international movement to assign responsibility to major companies for climate damage.

A German court in May ruled that firms could, in principle, be held responsible for harm caused by their emissions, fuelling hopes that other countries would follow suit.

Shell dismissed the lawsuit as "a baseless claim", with a spokesperson saying "it will not help tackle climate change or reduce emissions".

"The suggestion that Shell had unique knowledge about climate change is simply not true," the firm added.

Shell, along with many rival energy giants, has scaled back various climate objectives to focus more on oil and gas in order to raise profits.

The United Nations in 2022 said destruction caused by Typhoon Rai was "badly underestimated" in initial assessments, tripling the number of people "seriously affected" to nine million. (AFP)